History strongly suggests that major bipartisan legislation often coincides with national crisis or urgent challenges:
Why Crises Drive Bipartisanship
- Shared urgency: Both parties face pressure to act quickly to prevent economic collapse, security threats, or humanitarian disasters.
- Public demand for unity: Voters expect cooperation during emergencies, making obstruction politically costly.
- Clear common goals: Crises clarify priorities (e.g., stabilize economy, protect lives), reducing ideological disputes.
Historical Examples
- Great Depression → New Deal programs (1930s): While largely Democratic-led, some bipartisan support emerged for relief and recovery measures.
- World War II → War mobilization laws (1940s): Near-unanimous bipartisan backing for defense spending and GI Bill.
- 9/11 → USA PATRIOT Act (2001): Passed overwhelmingly to strengthen security.
- 2008 Financial Crisis → TARP (2008): Bipartisan effort to stabilize banks.
- COVID-19 Pandemic → CARES Act (2020): Nearly unanimous passage for economic relief.
- Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (2021): Framed as economic recovery post-pandemic.
Counterexamples
- Bipartisan laws outside crises do exist (e.g., Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, First Step Act in 2018), but they are less frequent and often require years of negotiation.